What can lead to cavitation in a hydraulic system?

Cavitation in a hydraulic system occurs when the pressure in the fluid drops below its vapor pressure, resulting in the formation of vapor pockets. This phenomenon can lead to significant damage within the system, including pitting of components due to the collapse of these vapor bubbles.

Low fluid levels can cause a decrease in the pressure within the system, especially if the fluid is unable to adequately fill the pump’s inlet. On the other hand, high fluid flow rates can lead to a rapid drop in pressure as the fluid moves quickly through narrow passages or fittings. When the pressure drops below the vapor pressure of the fluid, cavitation occurs.

Therefore, conditions that create low pressure situations—such as inadequate fluid levels combined with high flow rates—significantly contribute to the risk of cavitation in hydraulic systems. Other factors, such as high fluid viscosity, excessive pressure settings, and low temperatures, can influence performance, but they do not directly cause the necessary pressure drops linked to cavitation.